Nicotine is a colorless, turns brown when burned and smells drugs on contact with air. Nicotine is absorbed through the skin, mouth and nasal mucosa, or inhaled into the lungs. The average smoker give to the body 1 to 2 mg nicotine per cigarette smoking. Smoking to nicotine to the brain quickly, within 10 seconds after inhalation.
Drug Control Agency and the United States Food Administration (FDA) classified nicotine into groups of substances pharmacologically addictive properties largely similar to the narcotic heroin and cocaine. Addictive effects of nicotine are mainly on the central nervous system in the presence of nicotine receptors on brain structure. Alcaloide this substance acts on receptors in the nervous system with high dopamine neurotransmitters. Dopamine is a key chemical in the brain to adjust desired drug use, causing excretion of adrenaline (tachycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction, inhibition of contractions and gastric stomach information processing). However, nicotine in the body would rapidly be transformed into cotinin and excreted in the urine.
High concentrations of carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke and is absorbed into the blood, associated with strong affinity hemoglobine with 20 times more oxygen. With the average person who smokes one pack of cigarettes a day can reduce levels of hemoglobine to 7-8%. The reduction increases as hemoglobine curve shifted oxygen-hemoglobin separation leads to reduced oxygen transfer to the organization and organizational causes of anemia may contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque.
Tobacco smoke contains many irritants or gaseous form granules. This stimulants cause structural changes of the bronchial mucosa leading to proliferation of bronchial glands, mucous cells and more cells have lost hair move. These changes increased mucus and decreased more efficient purification of mucus-wool carpet moving. Most of these changes can be recovered after stopping smoking.
In tobacco smoke are over 40 of these substances including aromatic ring close as Benzopyrene have carcinogenic properties. These chemicals affect cells of the respiratory surface, causing chronic inflammation, destroying the organization, cell changes leading to the heritage, of dysplasia and malignancy.
Have three types of smoke: the smoke stream, side stream smoke and environmental tobacco smoke. Main stream smoke (MS) is a line of smoke inhaled by smokers. That is the root of the airflow through the cigarette. Smoke stream side (SS) is the cigarette smoke from burning emitted into the air, it does not include the smoke exhaled by smokers. About 80% cigarettes are burning away. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a mixture of secondary distribution lines and smoke exhaled by the main stream smoke, as well as complex substances diffuse through infected tobacco wrapped in paper and was the first cigarette smoking among
ETS is very similar to MS: it includes more than 3800 chemicals. Surprisingly, the SS is more powerful carcinogenic mixture of more than MS. This is because the SS were infected magazine often than MS. SS is different from MS in that toxic products may exist, such as nicotine mainly in the form of solid particles in the mainstream smoke, but in the form of gas in environmental tobacco smoke
Molecular size of particles varies in different kinds of smoke. Size of solid particles varies from 0.1 to 1 micron in main stream smoke, but smoke from 0.01 to 1 micron in line side. When the smoke was thinner side than the size of the particles become smaller. Because the size of smoke particles in the sub line under it deeper into the lungs organization. (According to the definition of the size of particles in the smoke-free environment is also smaller in the main stream smoke).
Pathogenic role of smoking has been proven through many studies around the world as well as in our country. Smoking 01 cigarettes ie himself lose 5.5 minutes of life. The average life expectancy of smokers shorter than non-smokers from 05 to 08 years. Smoking increases the mortality rate from 30 to 80%, mainly due to cancer (lung cancer), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease .... The level of increased risk depends on age started smoking (smoking as soon as high risk), the average number of cigarettes with a bag unit / year calculated by taking the average number of cigarettes daily smoking of with a number of years smoking (including number of cigarettes per year larger the higher the risk) and longer smoking time, the risk is greater.
